Scientists+that+Created+and+Tested+Nuclear+Power-1

=Scientists That Created The Nuclear Power=

By Jay
__**Robert Oppenheimer**__



There were many scientists from all over the world that worked on the atomic bomb. Many mathematicians and physicists tried to find out how to make atoms split apart and make large explosion. With all of these major figures they did figure this out.

One of the scientists was Robert Oppenheimer. He was part of a wealthy Jewish family. At 17 he enrolled in Harvard, and then into Cambridge University in England and then Gottigen University in Germany. After he returned again to America, he published more than a dozen articles, making a rep as a theoretical physicist.

When he joined the Manhattan Project, he was a major part of the chain reaction for the atomic bomb. He then helped create a design for the bomb with a scientist named Edward Teller.

His job was to calculate the mass of an isotope of Uranium, Uranium-235, to see if it was the right amount of uranium to cause a reaction. After he had found the right amount of uranium, they began to brainstorm a design for the bomb.

Together Teller and Oppenheimer found the spot to construct and test the bomb. The chosen spot was isolated but also easy to get to and had a mild climate so they could work year round. This place was Los Alamos, New Mexico. It was in the middle of the desert away from other towns and cities. On the day of July 16th, 1945 the bomb went off and their work was done.


 * __Edward Teller__**

Edward Teller was one of the many scientists that worked as part of the Manhattan Project. He was most recognized as the “imaginative” one in his group of scientists. He worked very diligently on his work on the bomb. He spent most of the time as a kid in Hungary and then moved to Germany. There in Germany he got his PhD in theoretical physics. Though learning so much there he noticed that the Nazi party with Hitler in charge was beginning to come to power, and since Hitler disliked Jews, he thought it was best for him to leave.

After being in Germany, he moved to the United States to start teaching at George Washington University. After many scientists found out about the splitting of atoms in Uranium being capable of creating a large mass of destruction, they all quickly became part of the Manhattan Project. One of the many was Teller. During the years in the Manhattan project, he was part of a group that were suggesting designs for the bomb.

After they had just created the Atomic bomb, him and a few other scientists including Enrico Fermi, were already thinking about a “super” bomb or a Hydrogen bomb. He being obsessed about the Hydrogen bomb led the other scientist to pick up his work on making the other Atomic bombs. This lead to tension between him and other scientists. After the testing of the Atomic bomb, he left the Manhattan Project.


 * __Neils Bohr__**

Neils Bohr was a magnificent scientist who was extremely smart. In his younger days, he worked in Europe and became the President of The Royal Danish Academy Of Scientists. Then in 1939 he decided to come to the United States to join the Manhattan Project with his son Aage. Together Neils and his son Aage found out many things together about Nuclear Fission.

After he and the other scientists got farther into creating the nuclear bomb, he was beginning to have doubts. He was now thinking that this threat of nuclear annihilation could be a "disaster" or it could become " one of the greatest bombs of mankind". He was more lenient to thinking it was going to be a disaster for many reasons. His first thought was that if we don't tell Russia about us making a nuclear bomb, they might feel threatened later when they find out about it. He thought if this would happen, then Russia would start to create nuclear arms because of their fear and suspicion. His predictions about Russia were correct.


 * __Enrico Fermi__**



Enrico Fermi had always wanted to be a great scientist. In 1938 he was the greatest expert on neutrons of that time. Because of this, the United States brought him into the Manhattan Project immediately. He helped out by finding many isotopes of Uranium, and then separated them to find the fissable isotope. He felt very strongly on this giant step in science and was glad to be there for every step. He personally watched the testing of the bomb and was speechless. His magnificent work left him speechless like many other scientists.

Lise Meitner was one of the few woman working on the Manhattan Project. Even though many doubted her because she was a woman, she was extremely smart. Before she came to America to join this project, she worked with some other scientists. When she was in Germany she worked with Otto Hahn, her nephew Otto Frisch, and Fritz Strassman. When she was working with them she had to leave because she was Jewish, and Hitler was going to kill all of the Jews. Later on Frisch and Strassman left to go to America too. When she got to America she joined the Manhattan Project and worked on many things. Because she was so devoted to her work, she was a major key to find out about nuclear fission and how it worked.
 * __Lise Meitner__**

Otto Hahn worked with Meitner and Strassman in Germany before World War II started. When they were working together, they were trying to find an isotope of the element thorium. When they worked day and night they finally found it. They named it thorium-x. The United States did not leave this unnoticed. He then got the opportunity to join the Manhattan Project, which he accepted. He found most of the isotopes for Uranium for the Atomic Bomb. Otto Hahn later got the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1949.
 * __Otto Hahn__**

Leo Szilard joined the Manhattan Project in 1938 with Otto Hahn. Before he came to the United States he and Hahn worked together on other things in Universities in Europe. When he was doing work in Los Alamos, New Mexico, he was in a group of scientists that found nuclear fission. They were all so excited because it had never been found before that. He was the only scientist of them that figured out that this could be part of making a chain reaction. He was present on the day of the test bomb.
 * __Leo Szilard__**


 * __Robert Wilson__**

When Wilson first came to Los Alamos, New Mexico, he was amazed on the amount of scientists in one place. He was the head of experimental research there. Part of his job was also to work on a cyclone to monitor the bomb. He also had to design and create to instruments on the side of this cyclone. Some of the instruments were to measure the pressure, temperature, power, radioactive material, the rate of explosion and the distance of the explosion.

__**Importance**__

The importance of these scientists is very great. Though they killed many with the new technology of the Atomic Bomb, they saved many more lives. They also made the United States in great power with the latest jump in technology. With them in the power of nuclear arms, nobody would like to go to war with them. If we did not any of these scientists all together in Los Alamos, we would not be in great power, and our influence would not be as high as it would have been with the bomb. Also if Russia made an nuclear arm before us that would not be good either because the influence of communism would be vary high and more countries would be under communist power.

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